Folliculitis might be associated with pathergy-positivity in patients with Behçet syndrome.

Pathergy test indicates nonspecific hyper-reactivity of the skin to aseptic trauma in Behçet syndrome (BS) and is considered as an adjunctive diagnostic test with a good specificity albeit with low sensitivity. We tested the hypothesis that a relationship exists between active clinical manifestations of BS and the pathergy-positivity when performed simultaneously. Pathergy test and detailed dermatologic examination were done in 105 BS patients (60M/45F); who were seen consecutively at the multi-disciplinary BS outpatient clinic in a single tertiary center. Information regarding demographic and clinical characteristics, pathergy test results at diagnosis, and details about treatment were obtained from patient charts. Disease activity was assessed using Behçet Disease Current Activity Form. Among 105 patients, 27 (25.7%) were pathergy-positive at the time of the study visit whereas 40.9% were pathergy-positive at the time of the diagnosis. There was no relation between pathergy test and patient age or disease duration, either. Pathergy-positivity was significantly more common in patients with folliculitis compared to those without folliculitis (40.7% vs 19.2%; P = .026). The test was also positive in all 3 patients with leg ulcers due to venous stasis. We found that among all skin-mucosa lesions only the presence of folliculitis was associated with pathergy positivity with statistical significance. It was also remarkable that the current pathergy was positive in all 3 patients with active leg ulcers but this finding warrants further studies because of the low patient numbers.

Reasonable Accommodation and Disparate Impact: Clean Shave Policy Discrimination in Today's Workplace.

This article examines Bey v. City of New York - a recent Second Circuit case where four Black firefights suffering from Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (a skin condition causing irritation when shaving which mostly affects Black men) challenged the New York City Fire Department's Clean Shave Policy - with an intersectional approach utilizing legal theories of racial, disability, and religious discrimination.

Iatrogenic Demodex folliculitis: A case report.

Demodex folliculorum is a commensal mite that inhabits the orifices of cutaneous pilosebaceous follicles. Overgrowth of these organisms can lead to Demodex folliculitis, which typically presents as papules and pustules predominantly involving the temples, cheeks, and occasionally the chest. We present a 51-year-old woman with iatrogenic Demodex folliculitis secondary to immunosuppressive treatment for an autoimmune connective tissue disease. Histopathological exam of a skin biopsy, which revealed follicular Demodex mites, confirmed the diagnosis. The eruption was treated with oral ivermectin and topical metronidazole gel, and the patient's immunosuppressive regimen was decreased, resulting in marked improvement in the eruption within 6 weeks and no worsening of her underlying autoimmune disorder. This case emphasizes the importance of considering Demodex folliculitis in the differential diagnosis of a new onset rash in the context of immunosuppressive treatment.

Eosinophilic pustule smear in the diagnosis of pediatric post-transplant eosinophilic folliculitis.

Hematologic-associated eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a subtype of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) which develops in patients with underlying hematological malignancies after treatment with chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant (BMT), or stem cell transplant (SCT). Few cases of hematological-associated EPF have been reported in pediatric patients. Skin biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. We describe a case in which Wright staining of a pustule smear for eosinophils provided data to rapidly support a clinical diagnosis of hematologic-associated EPF.

Treatment and Current Policies on Pseudofolliculitis Barbae in the US Military.

Pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB), or ingrown hairs, is a common skin condition of the face and neck caused by shaving in predisposed individuals who have naturally curly hair. It uniquely affects a disproportionate number of US service members with African ancestry who must abide by strict uniform grooming standards across the entire military. The main rationale behind this policy is that a beard can prevent a proper seal when using breathing protection devices such as gas masks or N95 respirators. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic and ever-looming overseas conflicts, dermatologists who treat service members should be aware of the separate yet related guidelines to treat PFB that each military branch follows. Herein, we review the treatments and current policies on PFB in the US Military.

Giant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp arising in the setting of folliculitis decalvans.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is uncommon in African Americans (AAs), with an incidence of approximately 0.003%. However, it is the most common skin cancer in that patient population. In AAs, SCC typically arises in sun-protected areas and mainly affects patients older than 50 years. We report a case of giant SCC in an AA man in his 40s with long-standing folliculitis decalvans on the scalp. Three previous skin biopsies were inconclusive. A wide excision was performed and the defect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh free flap. Histological analysis of the resected specimen revealed a well-moderately differentiated keratinising SCC with clear cell changes, severe mixed inflammation, folliculitis and dermal scar. He was discharged 2 weeks later and has been followed up closely. Four months later, the patient presents with metastatic SCC to an occipital lymph node.

Paradoxical Perforating Folliculitis in a Newly Transplanted Kidney Recipient: Case Study.

We report on a rare case of perforating folliculitis with a paradoxical presentation. An 18-year-old patient with end-stage kidney failure was undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis following 1 year of hemodialysis treatment. While being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, he developed an itchy papular eruption on an erythematous base over his face and chest, which was diagnosed as chicken pox and treatedwith acyclovir.He also underwent successful deceased donor kidney transplant 1 year later. On day 10 posttransplant, he presented with a papular eruption over the chest, face, and forearms. A skin biopsy revealed a perforating folliculitis lesion. He was treated with prednisone and tacrolimus, as part of the kidney transplant treatment. The skin lesions resolved progressively. His urea, creatinine, and electrolyte levels remained normal and on an ever-improving trend at each visit. By 4 months posttransplant, the skin lesions had resolved almost completely.

Robotically Assisted Recipient Site Preparation in Hair Restoration Surgery: Surgical Safety and Clinical Outcomes in 31 Consecutive Patients.

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in robotic surgery have extended to hair restoration surgery, using a robotic recipient site creation device. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the surgical safety and postoperative clinical outcomes of using this robotic system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one men diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia, who underwent hair transplantation with robotic recipient site creation, were retrospectively reviewed. Their mean age was 38.7 ± 9.5 (range, 22‒67) years. RESULTS: The total number of robotically created recipient sites was 36,273. The average site creation speed was 1,593 ± 544 sites per hour. Postoperative crusting (54.8%) was the most frequent complication in the recipient area, followed by pruritus (12.9%), asymmetry (6.5%), and folliculitis (6.5%). The mean score of cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction, scored on a 5-point scale, was 4.10 ± 0.54 and 4.13 ± 0.85, respectively. No significant differences in cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were found between 3 operators. CONCLUSION: The current device can automatically make slit incisions in the recipient area with speed and consistency noninferior to manual site creation. It is both safe and reliable for clinical use, and it is also easily managed by different hair surgeons without a long learning curve.

A case of lymphomatoid papulosis type E in a young adult: An uncommon entity.

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a rare variant of the primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, characterized clinically by large necrotic eschar-like lesions and histopathologically by angiodestructive and angioinvasive infiltrates of CD30+ lymphocytes. As in other forms of lymphomatoid papulosis, type E lesions may undergo spontaneous regression after weeks, with frequent recurrences. We report a 21-year old male with an angiodestructive infiltrate of CD30+ lymphocytes manifesting as a papular eruption rather than ulceration, and suggest that this clinical phenotype might be related to the presence of CD4+ lymphocytes in the inflammatory cell infiltrate.

Eosinophilic folliculitis due to wearing protective gear in citizens volunteering for sanitation services during the COVID-19 pandemic - an original epidemiological, clinical, dermoscopic, and laboratory-based study.

BACKGROUND: An association between wearing protective gear and eosinophilic folliculitis has not been reported. We aimed to investigate such during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In three outpatient clinics, we hand-reviewed records of all patients having consulted us during a Study Period (90 days) in the early phase of the pandemic. Our inclusion criteria for Study Subjects were: (i) clear clinical diagnosis, (ii) dermoscopic confirmation, (iii) differential diagnoses excluded, (iv) eosinophilia, (v) protective gear worn during sanitation services, (vi) temporal correlation, (vii) distributional correlation, (viii) physician-assessed association, and (ix) patient-assessed association. Control Periods in the same season were elected. RESULTS: Twenty-five study subjects fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The incidence was significantly higher than in the control periods (IR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.79-7.43). Male predominance was significant (P < 0.001). Such for patients in the control periods were insignificant. Study subjects were 21.2 (95% CI: 11.0-31.4) years younger than patients in the control periods. For the study subjects, the distribution of erythematous or skin-colored folliculocentric dome-shaped papules and pustules were all compatible with body parts covered by the gear. Lesional biopsy performed on two patients revealed eosinophilic dermal infiltrates within and around the pilosebaceous units. Polarized dermoscopy revealed folliculitis with peri-/interfollicular vascular proliferation. Lesion onsets were 6.4 (SD: 2.1) days after wearing gear. Remissions were 16.7 (SD: 7.5) days after ceasing to wear gear and treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing protective gear in volunteered sanitizing works could be associated with eosinophilic folliculitis. Owing to the significant temporal and distributional correlations, the association might be causal.